CORRESP
[AIG DRAFT OF AUGUST 8, 2008]
August 8, 2008
Mr. Jim B. Rosenberg
Senior Assistant Chief Accountant
United States
Securities and Exchange Commission
Division of Corporation Finance
100 F Street, NE
Mail Stop 6010
Washington, D. C. 20549
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Re:
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American International Group, Inc. |
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Form 10-K for the Year Ended December 31, 2007 |
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Form 10-Q for the Quarter Ended March 31, 2008 |
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File No. 1-8787 |
Dear Mr. Rosenberg:
We are in receipt of your letter dated June 25, 2008 and thank you for your additional comments
concerning American International Group, Inc.s (AIG) captioned filings. We are pleased to respond
to your questions and to have the opportunity to work with the Staff of the Commission to further
enhance the overall presentation and disclosure in our filings.
As more fully described below, we have expanded certain of our disclosures in our Form 10-Q for the
quarter ended June 30, 2008. Our responses and those disclosures are provided below. If further
clarification or information is required, please let us know at your earliest convenience.
AIG acknowledges that the adequacy and accuracy of the disclosure in AIGs filings is the
responsibility of AIG, that Staff comments or changes to disclosure in response to Staff comments
do not foreclose the Commission from taking any action with respect to the filings and that Staff
comments may not be asserted by AIG as a defense in any proceeding initiated by the Commission or
any person under the Federal securities laws of the United States.
We have repeated your questions below to facilitate your review.
Form 10-Q for the Fiscal Quarter Ended March 31, 2008
Note 4Shareholders Equity and Earnings (Loss) Per Share, page 19
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1. |
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You disclose that you shortened the vesting period of outstanding awards under your
share-based employee compensation plans during the first quarter of fiscal 2008. Please
provide us your evaluation of the modification |
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[AIG DRAFT OF AUGUST 8, 2008]
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of these awards under paragraph 51 of SFAS 123(R) demonstrating why the unamortized portion
of the awards should be amortized over a shorter period. Explain why there was apparently
no incremental compensation expense that was required to be recorded as a result of the
modifications. |
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AIG Response: |
On March 11, 2008 AIG shortened the vesting schedules of certain outstanding non-vested awards
of restricted stock units (RSUs) made under various share-based employee compensation plans.
The vesting schedules of outstanding stock options were not modified.
AIGs RSU awards to employees do not participate in dividends during the vesting periods and
their original grant-date fair values were discounted to reflect this feature as required by
paragraph B93 of SFAS 123(R). Because the vesting schedulesand consequently the discount
periodsof the awards were reduced, the fair values of the awards were greater immediately
after the modification compared with the fair values immediately before the modification,
resulting in incremental compensation cost of $26 million, as required by paragraph 51a.
The vesting-schedule modification applied broadly to all holders of each class of award
modified. Accordingly, AIG determined the vesting-schedule modification to be a Type I:
Probable-to-Probable modification as discussed in paragraph B188a. As a result, AIG continues
to amortize the original grant-date fair value of the awards (together with the incremental
compensation cost discussed in the paragraph above) as required by paragraphs 51b and A160, but
over the shorter requisite service (vesting) periods, as required by paragraph 39.
The cost of the increase in the number of awards expected to vest (i.e., the lower forfeiture
rate) that resulted from the shorter vesting schedules was not significant.
AIG expanded its disclosures in the Second Quarter 2008 Form 10-Q (page 23) to include the
following:
During the first quarter of 2008, AIG reviewed the vesting schedules of its share-based
employee compensation plans, and on March 11, 2008, AIGs management and the Compensation
and Management Resources Committee of AIGs Board of Directors determined that, to fulfill
the objective of attracting and retaining high quality personnel, the vesting schedules of
certain awards outstanding under these plans and all awards made in the future under these
plans should be shortened.
For accounting purposes, a modification of the terms or conditions of an equity award is
treated as an exchange of the original award for a new award. As a result of this
modification, the incremental compensation cost related to the affected awards totaled $24
million and will, together with the unamortized originally-measured compensation cost, be
amortized over shorter periods. AIG estimates the modifications will increase the
amortization of this cost by $106 million and $46 million in 2008 and 2009, respectively,
with a related reduction in amortization expense of $128 million in 2010 through 2013.
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[AIG DRAFT OF AUGUST 8, 2008]
Financial Services, page 38
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2. |
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Please refer to prior comment three. You state that your credit-based analyses
estimate potential realized credit pre-tax losses of approximately $1.2 billion to
approximately $2.4 billion, as compared to the $20.6 billion of unrealized market losses
recognized in the fourth quarter of 2007 and first quarter of 2008. Please expand your
disclosure to explain the specific factors causing the divergence between your estimates
of fair value and amounts to be ultimately realized upon settlement maturity. |
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AIG Response: |
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The unrealized market valuation losses of $20.6 billion recorded on AIGFPs super senior
credit default swap portfolio represent the cumulative change in fair value of these
derivatives. Consistent with the definition of fair value in the Statement of Financial
Accounting Standards No. 157, Fair Value Measurements (FAS 157), the unrealized market
valuation loss of $20.6 billion represents AIGs best estimate of the amount it would need
to pay to a willing, able and knowledgeable third-party to assume the obligations under
AIGFPs super senior credit default swap portfolio as of March 31, 2008. |
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On the other hand, AIGs estimate of the potential pre-tax realized credit losses of
approximately $1.2 billion to approximately $2.4 billion as of March 31, 2008 represents
its then current estimate of the potential credit losses that it may incur if the
multi-sector CDO portion of AIGFPs super senior credit default swap portfolio and the
referenced obligations acquired by AIGFP in extinguishing its obligations under the swaps
are held to maturity. Credit losses represent a point-in-time estimate, using information
available at that particular date, of the potential shortfall of principal and/or interest
cash flows on the referenced obligations and credits underlying the portfolio that will not
be recovered assuming the credit derivative portfolio and referenced obligations are held
to maturity. At March 31, 2008, AIG derived its estimates of the potential pre-tax
realized credit losses by applying two distinct methods, a ratings-based static stress test
and a roll rate analysis. |
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At March 31, 2008, the estimates for the range of the potential realized credit losses were
lower than the fair value of AIGFPs super senior multi-sector CDO credit default swap
portfolio, a net loss of $19.3 billion at March 31, 2008. The fair value of AIGFPs super
senior multi-sector CDO credit default swap portfolio is based upon fair value accounting
principles, which rely on third-party prices for both the underlying collateral securities
and the CDOs that AIGFPs super senior credit default swaps wrap. These prices currently
incorporate liquidity premiums, risk aversion elements and credit risk modeling, which in
some instances may use more conservative assumptions than those used by AIG in its roll
rate stress testing. Due to the ongoing disruption in the U.S. residential mortgage market
and credit markets and the downgrades of RMBS and CDOs by the rating agencies, |
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[AIG DRAFT OF AUGUST 8, 2008]
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the market continues to lack transparency around the pricing of these securities. These
prices are not necessarily reflective of the ultimate potential realized credit losses
AIGFP could incur in the future related to the AIGFP super senior multi-sector CDO credit
default swap portfolio, and AIG believes they incorporate a significant amount of
market-driven risk aversion. |
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In conducting its risk analyses as of June 30, 2008, AIG discontinued use of the
rating-based static stress test and used only the roll rate stress test because it believes
that the roll rate stress test provides a more reasonable analysis methodology to
illustrate potential realized credit losses than the rating-based static stress test used
previously. |
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AIG expanded its disclosures in the Second Quarter 2008 Form 10-Q (pages 121-123) to
include the following: |
The unrealized market valuation
losses of $26.1 billion recorded on AIGFPs super
senior multi-sector credit default swap portfolio represents the cumulative
change in fair value of these derivatives, which represents AIGs best estimate of
the amount it would need to pay to a willing, able and knowledgeable third party to
assume the obligations under AIGFPs super senior multi-sector CDO credit default
swap portfolio as of June 30, 2008.
Stress Testing/Sensitivity Analysis
At June 30, 2008, AIG used a roll rate analysis to stress the AIGFP super senior
multi-sector CDO credit default swap portfolio for potential pre-tax realized credit
losses that it may incur if the multi-sector CDO super senior credit default swap
portfolio and the referenced obligations acquired by AIGFP in extinguishing its
obligations under the swaps are held to maturity. Credit losses represent an estimate
of the potential shortfall of principal and/or interest cash flows on the referenced
obligations and credits underlying the portfolio that will not be recovered assuming
the portfolio and referenced obligations are held to maturity. Two scenarios
illustrated in this process resulted in potential pre-tax realized credit losses of
approximately $5.0 billion (Scenario A) and approximately $8.5 billion (Scenario B).
Actual ultimate realized credit losses are likely to vary, perhaps materially, from
these scenarios, and there can be no assurance that the ultimate realized credit
losses related to the AIGFP super senior multi-sector CDO credit default swap
portfolio will be consistent with either scenario or that such realized credit losses
will not exceed the potential realized credit losses illustrated by Scenario B.
In prior quarters, AIG conducted risk analyses of the AIGFP super senior multi-sector CDO credit
default swap portfolio using certain ratings-based static stress tests, which centered around
scenarios of further stress on the
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[AIG DRAFT OF AUGUST 8, 2008]
portfolio resulting from downgrades by the rating agencies from current levels on the
underlying collateral in the CDO structures supported by AIGFPs credit default
swaps. During the first quarter of 2008, AIG developed an additional methodology to
conduct stress tests for potential realized credit losses from AIGFPs super senior
multi-sector CDO credit default swap portfolio that combined a roll rate estimate of
the losses emanating from the subprime and Alt-A RMBS collateral securities in the
multi-sector CDOs, plus an estimate of losses arising from CDO securities (inner
CDOs) and other ABS, such as CMBS, credit card and auto loan ABS, held by the CDOs.
In conducting its risk analyses as of June 30, 2008, AIG discontinued use of the
rating-based static stress test and used only the roll rate stress test because it
believes that the roll rate stress test provides a more reasonable analysis
methodology to illustrate potential realized credit losses than the rating-based
static stress test used previously.
In the second quarter of 2008, AIG stressed the AIGFP super senior multi-sector CDO
credit default swap portfolio using a roll rate analysis as applied to all RMBS
collateral including subprime, Alt-A and prime residential mortgages that comprise
the subprime, Alt-A and prime RMBS. This analysis assumed that certain percentages of
actual delinquent mortgages will roll into default and foreclosure. It also assumed
that certain percentages of non-delinquent mortgages will become delinquent and
default over time, with those delinquency percentages depending on the age of the
mortgage pool. To those assumed defaults AIG applied loss severities (one minus
recovery) to derive estimated ultimate losses for each mortgage pool comprising a
subprime, Alt-A and prime RMBS. Because subprime, Alt-A and prime RMBS have differing
characteristics, the roll rates and loss severities differed. AIG then estimated
tranche losses from these roll rate losses by applying the pool losses up through the
capital structure of the RMBS. In this estimate of tranche losses, AIG introduced in
the quarter an enhancement to the roll rate analysis to take into account the cash
flow waterfall and to capture the potential effects, both positive and negative, of
cash flow diversion within each CDO. To these estimated subprime, Alt-A and prime
RMBS losses AIG added estimated credit losses on the inner CDOs and other ABS, such
as CMBS, credit card and auto loan ABS, calculated by using rating-based static
percentages, in the case of inner CDOs varying by vintage and type of CDO, and, in
the case of other ABS, by rating. In addition to the foregoing, the analysis
incorporates the effects of certain other factors such as mortgage prepayment rates,
excess spread and delinquency triggers. The total of the roll rate losses and the
losses on the inner CDOs and other ABS using two different scenarios of assumptions
yielded estimated potential pre-tax realized credit losses of approximately $5.0
billion and approximately $8.5 billion.
At March 31, 2008, AIGs credit-based analyses estimated potential pre-tax realized
credit losses at approximately $1.2 billion to $2.4 billion. The
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[AIG DRAFT OF AUGUST 8, 2008]
estimate of $2.4 billion was derived using the roll rate stress test described above.
The increase in the estimated potential realized credit loss illustrated by Scenarios
A and B was the result of both enhancements to the model and changes in the
assumptions used. The model was enhanced by inclusion of prime RMBS into the
portfolio of securities subjected to the roll rate analysis and the introduction of
analytics to capture the potential effects of the cash flow waterfall. Changes in
assumptions included revisions to the roll rate percentages and loss severities on
subprime and Alt-A mortgages in view of deteriorating real estate market conditions,
as well as a higher stress to other ABS collateral and the use of current inner CDO
ratings in the rating-based static percentage. The potential realized credit loss
illustrated by Scenario B is the result of applying different, more highly stressed
assumptions to the roll rate analysis model than those used in Scenario A.
Due to the dislocation in the market for CDO and RMBS collateral, AIG does not use
the market values of the underlying CDO collateral in estimating its potential
realized credit losses. The use of factors derived from market-observable prices in
models used to determine the estimates for future realized credit losses could result
in materially higher estimates of potential realized credit losses.
Under
the terms of most of these credit derivatives, credit losses to AIG would
generally result from the credit impairment of the referenced obligations that AIG
would acquire in extinguishing its swap obligations. Based upon its most current
analyses, AIG believes that any credit losses which may emerge over time at AIGFP
will not be material to AIGs consolidated financial condition, but could be material
to AIGs liquidity. Other types of analyses or models could result in materially
different estimates. AIG is aware that other market participants have used different
assumptions and methodologies to estimate the potential realized credit losses on
AIGFPs super senior multi-sector CDO credit default swap portfolio, resulting in
significantly higher estimates than those resulting from AIGs roll rate stress
testing scenarios. Actual ultimate realized credit losses are likely to vary, perhaps
materially, from AIGs roll rate stress testing scenarios, and there can be no
assurance that the ultimate realized credit losses related to the AIGFP super senior
multi-sector CDO credit default swap portfolio will be consistent with either
scenario or that such realized credit losses will not exceed the potential realized
credit losses illustrated by Scenario B.
The potential realized credit losses illustrated in Scenarios A and B are lower than
the fair value of AIGFPs super senior multi-sector CDO credit default swap
portfolio, a net loss of $26.1 billion at June 30, 2008. The net loss represents
AIGs best estimate of the amount it would need to pay to a willing third party to
assume the obligations under AIGFPs super senior multi-sector CDO credit default
swap portfolio. The fair value of AIGFPs
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super senior multi-sector CDO credit default swap portfolio is based upon fair value
accounting principles, which rely on third-party prices for both the underlying
collateral securities and the CDOs that AIGFPs super senior credit default swaps
wrap. These prices currently incorporate liquidity premiums, risk aversion elements
and credit risk modeling, which in some instances may use more conservative
assumptions than those used by AIG in its roll rate stress testing. Due to the
ongoing disruption in the U.S. residential mortgage market and credit markets and the
downgrades of RMBS and CDOs by the rating agencies, the market continues to lack
transparency around the pricing of these securities. These prices are not necessarily
reflective of the ultimate potential realized credit losses AIGFP could incur in the
future related to the AIGFP super senior multi-sector CDO credit default swap
portfolio, and AIG believes they incorporate a significant amount of market-driven
risk aversion.
In the remainder of this response, we explain in further detail AIGFPs fair valuation
methodology that is used to estimate the fair value of AIGFPs super senior multi-sector
CDO credit default swap portfolio and the methods that AIG has applied to derive its
estimates of the potential pre-tax realized credit losses.
FAS 157 COMPLIANT FAIR VALUATION
As disclosed in AIGs First Quarter Form 10-Q, AIG determines the fair value of the AIGFP
super senior multi-sector CDO credit default swap portfolio using a combination of internal
valuation models and third party prices.
AIG utilizes a modified version of the binomial expansion technique (BET) model to value
its credit default swaps written on the super senior securities of collateralized debt
obligations (CDO). The BET model uses credit spreads to imply the evolution of the loss
distribution of the underlying collateral pool through time and hence to value the CDO
tranches. The model uses a Monte Carlo simulation to generate sample paths of the
distribution of defaults in the reference collateral of the CDO through time, calculates
the interest and principal cash flows arising from the reference collateral and when
appropriate applies a cash flow waterfall algorithm to model the distribution of cash flows
to the liabilities of the CDO conditional on the simulated defaults. The BET methodology
relies on the use of a single diversification measure, the diversity score, which allows a
mapping of the underlying collateral securities of a CDO structure into a hypothetical
portfolio comprising a smaller number of idealized, independent, homogeneous securities.
The number of such idealized securities is given by the diversity score. Diversity scores
are supplied by the trustees for some of the multi-sector CDO deals. Where a diversity
score is not available, a default value is applied. Due to the assumed independence of the
defaults of the idealized securities, a binomial distribution can be used to calculate the
loss distribution of the portfolio to value the various liabilities of the CDO.
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AIG has adapted the BET model inputs so that the model accepts the price for the securities
underlying the CDO as an input and converts the price to a credit spread using parameters
consistent with those used for valuation. The calculations include a methodology through
which prices are used to determine credit spread, which is used to determine implied
probabilities of default. These probabilities of default are used to determine expected
losses on the credit default swap:
The most significant assumption used in developing the estimate is the pricing of the
securities within the CDO collateral pools. Prices for the individual securities held by a
CDO are obtained in most cases from the CDO collateral managers, to the extent available.
The CDO collateral managers obtain these prices from various sources, which include dealer
quotations, third-party pricing services and in-house valuation models. To the extent there
is a lag in the prices provided by the collateral managers, AIGFP rolls forward these
prices to the end of the quarter using data provided by a third-party pricing service.
Where a price for an individual security is not provided by the CDO collateral manager,
AIGFP derives the price from a matrix that averages the prices of the various securities at
the level of ABS category, vintage and the rating of the referenced security.
As mentioned in the previous paragraph, given the lack of price transparency surrounding
ABS and CDO securities, AIG considers all available information to it in addition to the
results of the BET model. A key set of data points that AIG collects are indicators from
dealers and counterparties on the value of the super senior CDO securities referenced in
AIGFPs credit default swaps. Prices obtained from counterparties generally represent
prices implied from collateral calls. Hence AIG compares those valuations to the valuations
derived by the BET. Since December 31, 2007, AIG has applied a consistent methodology in
determining when an adjustment to the BET-derived valuations is necessary. AIG compares
the BET-derived valuations to the highest third party price it has obtained for each
individual super senior bond. When more than one third party price is obtained for a
particular transaction, AIG selects the highest third party price as AIG is expected to
transact at the most advantageous price available to it. To the extent that the
BET-derived valuations and the highest third party price approximate each other, AIG values
its derivative using the average of both prices. To the extent that BET-derived valuations
and the highest third party price do not approximate each other, AIG values its derivative
using the lower of the two prices. In limited instances, AIG may make further adjustments
to the third party prices if its analyses determine that the third party price is not a
reasonable price.
Given the limited trading of CDO securities and inconsistency of pricing methodologies and
assumptions among the key marketplace participants, the structured credit markets continue
to lack transparency and convergence in price for this asset class. Although AIG attempts
to consider all available information to derive its best estimate of the fair value of
these derivatives, the quality and reliability of these valuations are dependent on the
quality and reliability of the
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[AIG DRAFT OF AUGUST 8, 2008]
prices it obtains from collateral managers, pricing vendors, its counterparties and
dealers.
STATIC STRESS TEST
The objective of AIGs ratings-based static stress test performed in the first quarter of
2008 and the year ended December 31, 2007 was to determine an estimate of the potential
realized credit losses that AIG might experience over time against the credit default swap
portfolio written on the super senior tranches of CDO securities. AIG applied a series of
write-offs and discounts varying by rating to distinct types of collateral securities
within the CDO. A static stress test is a point-in-time estimate.
AIG applied a total of six stresses to the sub-prime residential mortgage-backed securities
(RMBS), Alt-A RMBS and inner CDO securities that collectively comprised a large percentage
of the underlying securities to the multi-sector CDO portfolio. Under these stresses, AIG
assumed that it would lose a specific percentage of the outstanding principal balance on
certain securities held by a CDO with an assumption of no recoveries. These stresses were
represented by the following write-off assumptions:
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100 percent of the outstanding principal balance of sub-prime RMBS rated BB+
and lower (BB+ through D) that were issued during the first six months of 2005; |
2. |
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50 percent of the outstanding principal balance of all sub-prime RMBS rated
BBB+ and lower (BBB+ through D) that were issued during the last six months of 2005. |
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100 percent of the outstanding principal balance of all sub-prime RMBS rated
A+ and lower (A+ through D) and 50% of the outstanding principal balance of all rated
AAs (AA+ through AA-) that were issued during the first six months of 2006; |
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100 percent of the outstanding principal balance of all sub-prime RMBS rated
less than AAA that were issued during the last six months of 2006 and during 2007; |
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100 percent of the outstanding principal balance of all Alt-A RMBS rated A+
or lower that were issued during 2006 and 2007; |
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100 percent of the outstanding principal balance of all inner CDOs of high
grade and mezzanine asset-backed securities (ABS) with sub-prime RMBS collateral, if
these inner CDOs were rated A+ or lower. |
ROLL RATE ANALYSIS AT MARCH 31, 2008
The second test AIG developed starting at March 31, 2008 was the AIG roll rate analysis.
AIG developed this test because it believed that it may provide a more reasonable estimate
of potential realized credit losses using highly stressed assumptions than the rating-based
static stress test. This analysis starts with
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estimating credit losses from actual performance data on the pool of U.S. residential
mortgages that collateralize each sub-prime and Alt-A RMBS security within a CDO collateral
securities pool. Furthermore, AIG added to this estimated loss from the roll rate analysis
losses from application of rating-based haircuts to the inner CDOs of ABS and a 50 percent
discount for single B or lower rated securities within the other asset classes in the CDO
collateral pool. These three parts are further described as follows:
Part One: The sub-prime and Alt-A roll rate analysis begins by accessing three types of
data to estimate losses in these RMBS securities. First, AIG collects the actual to-date
losses which have been realized from U.S. residential mortgage defaults and recoveries for
a given RMBS pool. Second, AIG collects actual delinquency data for the RMBS pool, starting
with mortgages that are past due in payment for 30 days or more and including mortgages
that are in foreclosure proceedings or that are in a real estate-owned status (REO). AIG
then assumes that certain percentages of these mortgages, varying by how past due they may
be, will transition from delinquent status into default. This part of the analysis is
sometimes called pipeline default analysis. Third, AIG assumes that certain performing
mortgages, mortgages that are not past due, will become past due over time and will also
transition to default during the mortgages life. AIG estimates these future delinquencies
by reviewing the age of the mortgage (how long ago was it made) and then estimating, based
on loss timing curves drawn from the period 1998 to 2002, how many are likely to become
delinquent and ultimately default. Loss timing curves are based on the empirical
observation that mortgages become delinquent as they age, that an average of 75 percent of
defaults occur within the first three years of a mortgage pools life and an average 95
to99 percent of a mortgage pools total defaults occur within the first five years.
Finally, the roll rate analysis applies loss severities to the estimate of defaults from
both the delinquent and non-delinquent mortgage pool. These loss severities incorporate the
costs the servicer of the mortgage incurs to maintain the home during its time in default
and the loss that is incurred in disposing or selling the home.
The roll rate assumptions and loss severity assumptions were based on several different
sources, including the research of a well known investment bank. AIG also compared the
assumptions to rating agency roll rate models and assumptions, with which they were
comparable.
AIG used the following roll rate assumptions in applying this analysis, which
varied depending on the year in which the mortgage was originated:
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Vintage |
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Pre-2005 |
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2005 |
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2006 |
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2007 |
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U.S. sub-prime mortgages |
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30+ days delinquent |
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60 |
% |
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65 |
% |
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70 |
% |
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71 |
% |
60+ days delinquent |
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70 |
% |
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75 |
% |
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80 |
% |
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83 |
% |
90+ days delinquent + borrower
bankruptcies |
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70 |
% |
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75 |
% |
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80 |
% |
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83 |
% |
Foreclosed/REO mortgages |
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100 |
% |
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100 |
% |
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100 |
% |
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100 |
% |
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Vintage |
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Pre-2005 |
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2005 |
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2006 |
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2007 |
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U.S. Alt-A mortgages |
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30+ days delinquent |
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48 |
% |
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48 |
% |
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48 |
% |
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48 |
% |
60+ days delinquent |
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60 |
% |
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70 |
% |
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77 |
% |
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78 |
% |
90+ days delinquent + borrower
bankruptcies |
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70 |
% |
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80 |
% |
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85 |
% |
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87 |
% |
Foreclosed/REO mortgages |
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100 |
% |
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100 |
% |
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100 |
% |
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100 |
% |
AIG also used the following loss severity assumptions in this roll rate analysis:
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Vintage |
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Pre 2H 2004 |
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2H 2004 |
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1H 2005 |
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2H 2005 |
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2006/2007 |
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Sub-Prime Loss
Severity |
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40 |
% |
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45 |
% |
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50 |
% |
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55 |
% |
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60 |
% |
Alt-A Loss Severity |
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35 |
% |
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35 |
% |
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40 |
% |
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45 |
% |
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45 |
% |
A simplified illustration of how this roll rate analysis would proceed is as follows.
a. |
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Assume that all sub-prime mortgages in a RMBS pool were originated in the
first half of 2005. |
b. Assume that the mortgage pool has realized losses to date of 1 percent.
c. |
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Assume that after three years of seasoning 80 percent of the mortgages that
will default have defaulted and that, after applying loss timing curves, 5 percent of
the remaining performing (non-delinquent) pool mortgages will default in the future. |
d. Assume the following actual pool delinquencies:
30+ delinquent: 5 percent
60+ delinquent: 4 percent
90+ delinquent: 4 percent
Bankrupt borrowers: 1 percent
Mortgages in foreclosure and REO: 15 percent
Thus, AIG computes the pipeline defaults from the actual delinquent mortgage behavior by
selecting the applicable roll rate and loss severity percentages from the table above and
making the following calculations:
30+ days: 5 percent times 65 percent equals 3.25 percent
60+ days: 4 percent times 75 percent equals 3 percent
90+ days: 4 percent times 75 percent equals 3 percent
Bankrupt: 1 percent times 75 percent equals 0.75 percent
Foreclosure/REO: 15 percent times 100 percent equals 15 percent
Total estimated defaults = 25 percent
Loss severity for IH 2005 = 50 percent
11
[AIG DRAFT OF AUGUST 8, 2008]
In this illustration estimated losses from actual pool delinquencies equal the sum of
estimated defaults times the loss severity. Defaults are computed at 25 percent and assumed
loss severity is 50 percent. Thus, estimated losses are 12.5 percent.
AIG assumes that applying loss timing curves to the underlying mortgage data results in an
estimate of 5 percent defaults of the performing mortgages. After applying the 50 percent
loss severity, AIG estimates the loss from these performing mortgages at 2.5 percent. Thus,
total mortgage losses against this one RMBS pool equal actual losses to date of 1 percent;
pipeline losses of 12.5 percent; and projected losses from the performing (non-delinquent)
mortgage pool of 2.5 percent. The aggregate losses sum to 15.5 percent.
These mortgage losses are then applied against the RMBS tranches upwards in order of their
subordination, starting with the equity tranche, then moving to the B and BB rated, BBB, A,
AA, junior AAA and ultimately AAA classes. If the losses produced by the roll rate modeling
exhaust the protection (subordinated tranches) in the CDO pool, then that amount of
residual loss is applied first against the subordinated layers of the CDO and subsequently,
only to the extent those subordinated tranches have been exhausted, against the most senior
(super senior) tranche.
In addition to the foregoing, it is important to note that the roll rate analysis
incorporates the effects of certain other factors, such as mortgage prepayment rates,
excess spread and delinquency triggers that are modeled using Intex RMBS modeling software,
the industry standard.
Part Two: As mentioned above, based on the research of the same investment bank, AIG also
added to the estimated RMBS roll rate losses rating-based discounts or loss estimates for
the inner CDOs of ABS with sub-prime RMBS collateral based on their type and vintage. Note
that these discounts are applied against updated ratings data and, because the rating
agencies have actively downgraded CDOs of ABS since mid-2007 and because the investment
bank based its discounts on original ratings data, AIG believed they were conservatively
stated. Nonetheless, because the rating agencies continued to downgrade CDOs of ABS as U.S.
real estate market conditions were worsening AIG believed this conservatism was prudent.
These discounts were as follows:
a. |
|
High grade and mezzanine CDOs from 2006 and 2007: AAA: 50 percent; AA: 93
percent; A: 96 percent; BBB and below: 97 percent. |
b. |
|
High grade and mezzanine CDOs from 2005 and 2004: AAA: 8 percent; AA: 43
percent; A: 64 percent; BBB and below: 82 percent. |
Part Three: Finally, AIG added a 50 percent discount or loss estimate to all B+ rated and
lower collateral securities of all other types not covered by parts 1 and 2 above. This
loss estimate attempts to account for some credit deterioration in
12
[AIG DRAFT OF AUGUST 8, 2008]
|
|
highly subordinated tranches of other collateral securities not included in the roll rate
and inner CDO analysis. |
|
|
|
ROLL RATE ANALYSIS AT JUNE 30, 2008 |
|
|
|
At June 30, 2008 AIG used the roll rate analysis described above to stress the AIGFP super
senior multi-sector credit default swap portfolio for potential realized credit losses
under two scenarios, resulting in estimates of potential pre-tax realized credit losses of
approximately $5 billion and approximately $8.5 billion. The increase in the estimates from
the March estimate of approximately $2.4 billion was the result of both enhancements to the
model and changes in the assumptions used. The model was enhanced to include prime RMBS
into the portfolio of securities subjected to the roll rate analysis and the introduction
of analytics to capture the potential effects of the CDO cash flow waterfall. Changes in
assumptions included revisions to the roll rate percentages and loss severities on
sub-prime and Alt-A mortgages in view of deteriorating U.S. real estate market conditions,
as well as a higher stress to other ABS collateral and the effects of the use of current
inner CDO ratings in the rating based static percentages applied to those securities. |
|
|
|
These changes to assumptions and enhancements to the methodology, which increased the
credit loss estimate under the first scenario to approximately $5 billion from the
approximately $2.4 billion estimate at March 31, 2008, are comprised of five elements
totaling approximately $2.6 billion and are as follows: |
|
1. |
|
Increases to roll rate assumptions to account for faster mortgage movement to
default and of foreclosure, especially of Alt-A mortgages; and increases in loss
severities to account for falling real estate values: approximately $700 million. |
|
|
2. |
|
The modeling for the first time in AIGs roll rate analysis of prime
mortgages, which had not been explicitly modeled in the first quarter of 2008:
approximately $200 million. |
|
|
3. |
|
The effect of the updating of inner CDO ratings, such that a larger potential
loss was computed because of further rating agency downgrades during the quarter:
approximately $600 million. |
|
|
4. |
|
An increase in the rating-based threshold and discount for other ABS
securities, by which all such securities rated BB+ and lower are fully written off:
approximately $100 million. |
|
|
5. |
|
An enhancement of the roll rate analysis to incorporate CDO cash flow
waterfall and to capture the potential effects, both positive and negative, of cash
flow diversion: approximately $1.0 billion. |
|
|
|
|
The revised roll rate assumptions for the Q2 roll rate analysis are as follows: |
13
[AIG DRAFT OF AUGUST 8, 2008]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Vintage |
|
Pre-2005 |
|
2005 |
|
2006 |
|
2007 |
U.S. sub-prime mortgages |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
30+ days delinquent |
|
|
60 |
% |
|
|
70 |
% |
|
|
80 |
% |
|
|
80 |
% |
60+ days delinquent |
|
|
70 |
% |
|
|
80 |
% |
|
|
80 |
% |
|
|
80 |
% |
90+ days delinquent + borrower
bankruptcies |
|
|
70 |
% |
|
|
80 |
% |
|
|
90 |
% |
|
|
90 |
% |
Foreclosed/REO mortgages |
|
|
100 |
% |
|
|
100 |
% |
|
|
100 |
% |
|
|
100 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Vintage |
|
Pre-2005 |
|
2005 |
|
2006 |
|
2007 |
U.S. Alt-A mortgages |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
30+ days delinquent |
|
|
50 |
% |
|
|
70 |
% |
|
|
80 |
% |
|
|
80 |
% |
60+ days delinquent |
|
|
60 |
% |
|
|
80 |
% |
|
|
80 |
% |
|
|
80 |
% |
90+ days delinquent + borrower
bankruptcies |
|
|
70 |
% |
|
|
80 |
% |
|
|
90 |
% |
|
|
90 |
% |
Foreclosed/REO mortgages |
|
|
100 |
% |
|
|
100 |
% |
|
|
100 |
% |
|
|
100 |
% |
The revised loss severity assumptions for the Q2 roll rate analysis are as follows
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Vintage |
|
Pre 2H 2004 |
|
2H 2004 |
|
1H 2005 |
|
2H 2005 |
|
2006/2007 |
Sub-Prime Loss Severity |
|
|
40 |
% |
|
|
45 |
% |
|
|
50 |
% |
|
|
55 |
% |
|
|
60 |
% |
Alt-A Loss Severity |
|
|
35 |
% |
|
|
35 |
% |
|
|
40 |
% |
|
|
45 |
% |
|
|
45 |
% |
|
|
The prime mortgage roll rate assumptions for the roll rate analysis are as follows: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Vintage |
|
Pre-2005 |
|
2005 |
|
2006 |
|
2007 |
U.S. prime mortgages |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
60+ days delinquent |
|
|
60 |
% |
|
|
60 |
% |
|
|
60 |
% |
|
|
60 |
% |
90+ days delinquent + borrower
bankruptcies |
|
|
70 |
% |
|
|
70 |
% |
|
|
70 |
% |
|
|
70 |
% |
Foreclosed/REO mortgages |
|
|
100 |
% |
|
|
100 |
% |
|
|
100 |
% |
|
|
100 |
% |
The prime mortgage loss severity assumptions for the roll rate analysis are as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Vintage |
|
Pre 2H 2004 |
|
2H 2004 |
|
1H 2005 |
|
2H 2005 |
|
2006/2007 |
Prime Loss Severity |
|
|
25 |
% |
|
|
25 |
% |
|
|
25 |
% |
|
|
30 |
% |
|
|
35 |
% |
|
|
The estimate under the second scenario of approximately $8.5 billion pre-tax was based on a
combined 20 percent increase in roll rates and loss severities beyond the figures above
across all RMBS, irrespective of type and vintage, and is designed to be an even more
conservative estimate of AIGs potential credit losses from the multi-sector CDO credit
default swap portfolio than the already highly stressed assumptions used in Scenario A. |
14
[AIG DRAFT OF AUGUST 8, 2008]
|
|
|
BREAKDOWN OF THE SUPER SENIOR MULTI-SECTOR CDO CREDIT DEFAULT SWAP PORTFOLIO |
|
|
The super senior multi-sector CDO credit default swap portfolio can be disaggregated into
the following sub-portfolios as of June 30, 2008: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(in billions) |
|
|
|
Notional |
|
|
Fair Value |
Multi-sector CDOs |
|
Amount |
|
|
June 30, 2008 |
CDOs of ABS with high grade collateral including subprime |
|
$ |
42.0 |
|
|
$ |
14.1 |
|
CDOs of ABS with mezzanine collateral including subprime |
|
$ |
15.8 |
|
|
$ |
6.9 |
|
|
Total CDOs of ABS including subprime |
|
$ |
57.8 |
|
|
$ |
21.0 |
|
|
CDOs of ABS with high grade collateral without subprime |
|
$ |
21.7 |
|
|
$ |
3.5 |
|
CDOs of ABS with mezzanine collateral without subprime |
|
$ |
0.8 |
|
|
$ |
0.3 |
|
|
Total CDOs of ABS without subprime |
|
$ |
22.5 |
|
|
$ |
3.8 |
|
|
Total CDOs of ABS |
|
$ |
80.3 |
|
|
$ |
24.8 |
|
|
Valuation of Level 3 Assets and Liabilities, page 46
|
3. |
|
Please refer to prior comment two. You have attributed the additional $9.1 billion
unrealized market valuation loss for your super senior credit default swap portfolio to
ongoing disruption in the US residential mortgage and credit markets and downgrades of
RMBS and CDO securities. Please explain and quantify the effects on the valuation of the
specific changes made to your model in the first quarter of 2008, particularly how changes
in key assumptions during the period affected the unrealized market valuation loss of $9.1
billion, as well as the impact of the roll rate analysis that was introduced in the first
quarter of 2008. |
|
|
|
|
AIG Response: |
|
|
|
|
The principal cause of the unrealized market valuation loss of $9.1 billion in the first
quarter of 2008 was the continued significant widening in spreads driven by the credit
concerns resulting from U.S. residential mortgages, the severe liquidity crises affecting
the markets and the effects of rating agency downgrades on structured securities. While AIG
continued to refine its valuation methodologies during the first quarter of 2008, the
refinements made had only a de minimus effect on the unrealized market valuation loss. |
|
|
|
|
The change in fair value of AIGFPs credit default swaps was caused by the significant
widening in spreads and the downgrades of RMBS and CDO securities by rating agencies in the
six-month period ended June 30, 2008 driven by the credit concerns resulting from U.S.
residential mortgages, the severe liquidity crisis affecting the markets and the effects of
rating agency downgrades on structured securities. |
|
|
|
|
AIGs estimate of the pre-tax unrealized market valuation loss for the three-month period
ended June 30, 2008 is $5.6 billion. The primary drivers behind the |
15
[AIG DRAFT OF AUGUST 8, 2008]
|
|
|
incremental loss in the second quarter of 2008 continue to be similar to those experienced
in the first three months of the fiscal year. Additionally, during the second quarter of
2008, AIGFP implemented further refinements to the cash flow waterfall used by the BET
model and the assumptions used therein. These refinements reflected the ability of a CDO to
use principal proceeds to cover interest payment obligations on lower-rated tranches, the
ability of a CDO to use principal proceeds to cure a breach of an overcollateralization
test, the ability of a CDO to amortize certain senior CDO tranches on a pro-rata or
sequential basis and the preferential payment of management fees. To the extent there is a
lag in the prices provided by the collateral managers, AIG refines those prices by rolling
them forward to the end of the quarter using prices provided by a third-party pricing
service. The net effect of these refinements was an increase in the unrealized market
valuation loss of $342 million. |
|
|
|
|
AIG expanded its disclosures in the Second Quarter Form 10-Q (page 87) to include the
following: |
|
|
|
During the second quarter of 2008, AIGFP implemented further refinements to the cash
flow waterfall used by the BET model and the assumptions used therein. These
refinements reflected the ability of a CDO to use principal proceeds to cover
interest payment obligations on lower-rated tranches, the ability of a CDO to use
principal proceeds to cure a breach of an overcollateralization test, the ability of
a CDO to amortize certain senior CDO tranches on a pro-rata or sequential basis and
the preferential payment of management fees. To the extent there is a lag in the
prices provided by the collateral managers, AIG refines those prices by rolling them
forward to the end of the quarter using prices provided by a third-party pricing
service. The net effect of these refinements was an increase in the unrealized market
valuation loss of $342 million. Refinements made during the first quarter of 2008 had
only a de minimus effect on the unrealized market valuation loss. |
|
4. |
|
Given the additional unrealized market valuation loss of $9.1 billion in the first
quarter of 2008, please tell us why you believe that a five point variation in the assumed
price of securities within the CDO collateral pools is an appropriate measure of the
reasonably likely variation in this model input. Revise your disclosures as appropriate. |
|
|
|
|
AIG Response: |
|
|
|
|
In the judgment of management, a five point variation in the assumed prices of securities
within the CDO pools was deemed reasonable as of March 31, 2008 based on what was observed
with respect to asset-backed security prices during late March into April. Generally,
declines in price quotations for such assets experienced a significant slow down during
this period. Approximately $8.0 billion of the approximately $9.1 billion in unrealized
market valuation losses recognized in the first quarter of 2008 related to transactions
where the referenced |
16
[AIG DRAFT OF AUGUST 8, 2008]
|
|
obligation is a super senior CDO security. A significant portion of the approximately $8.0 billion in
unrealized market valuation losses was incurred as a result of the decline in asset-backed security prices
during the first part of the first quarter. Due to the ongoing disruption in the U.S. residential mortgage
market and credit markets and the downgrades of residential mortgage-backed securities and CDO securities by
rating agencies, the market continues to lack transparency around the pricing of these securities. Given the
current difficult market conditions, AIG cannot predict reasonably likely changes in the prices of the underlying
collateral securities held within a CDO at this time. Actual results in any period are likely to vary, perhaps materially,
from the modeled scenarios, and there can be no assurance that the unrealized market valuation loss related to the AIGFP super
senior credit default swap portfolio will be consistent with any of the sensitivity analyses. |
|
|
|
The remaining $1.1 billion in unrealized market valuation losses related to credit default
swaps written on corporate debt obligations or collateralized loan obligations. These
derivatives are principally valued using the CDX and iTraxx indices. During the month of
April 2008, these indices showed significant recovery, indicating that AIG would have
recognized a gain for the month of April. |
|
|
|
AIG expanded its disclosures in the Second Quarter 2008 Form 10-Q (pages 52-53) to include
the following: |
|
|
|
Valuation Sensitivity |
|
|
|
|
Set forth in the paragraphs below are sensitivity analyses that estimate the effects
of using alternative pricing and other key inputs on AIGs calculation of the
unrealized market valuation loss related to the AIGFP super senior credit default
swap portfolio. While AIG believes that the ranges used in these analyses are
reasonable, given the current difficult market conditions, AIG is unable to predict
which of the scenarios is most likely to occur. AIG is also unable to assess the
effect, if any, that recent transactions involving sales of large portfolios of CDOs
will have on the pricing of the AIGFP super senior credit default swap portfolio.
Actual results in any period are likely to vary, perhaps materially, from the modeled
scenarios, and there can be no assurance that the unrealized market valuation loss
related to the AIGFP super senior credit default swap portfolio will be consistent
with any of the sensitivity analyses. |
|
|
|
|
The most significant assumption used in developing the estimate is the pricing of the
securities within the CDO collateral pools. These prices are used to derive default
probabilities and expected losses that are used in the BET model. If the actual
pricing of the securities within the collateral pools differs from the pricing used
in estimating the fair value of the super senior credit default swap portfolio, there
is potential for material variation in the |
17
[AIG DRAFT OF AUGUST 8, 2008]
|
|
|
fair value estimate. A decrease by five points (for example, from 87 cents per dollar
to 82 cents per dollar) in the aggregate price of the underlying collateral
securities would cause an additional unrealized market valuation loss of
approximately $4.0 billion, while an increase in the aggregate price of the
underlying collateral securities by five points (for example, from 90 cents per
dollar to 95 cents per dollar) would reduce the unrealized market valuation loss by
approximately $3.9 billion. Any further declines in the value of the underlying
collateral securities held by a CDO will similarly affect the value of the super
senior CDO securities given their significantly depressed valuations. Given the
current difficult market conditions, AIG cannot predict reasonably likely changes in
the prices of the underlying collateral securities held within a CDO at this time. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The following table presents other key inputs used in the valuation of the credit
default swap portfolio written on the super senior securities issued by multi-sector
CDOs, and the potential increase (decrease) to the unrealized market valuation loss
at June 30, 2008 calculated using the BET model for changes in these key inputs: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Increase |
|
|
(Decrease) To |
|
|
Unrealized Market |
(in millions) |
|
Valuation Loss |
|
Weighted average lives |
|
|
|
|
Effect of an increase of 1 year |
|
$ |
519 |
|
Effect of a decrease of 1 year |
|
|
(905 |
) |
Recovery rates |
|
|
|
|
Effect of an increase of 10% |
|
|
(18 |
) |
Effect of a decrease of 10% |
|
|
254 |
|
Diversity scores |
|
|
|
|
Effect of an increase of 5 |
|
|
(84 |
) |
Effect of a decrease of 5 |
|
|
261 |
|
Discount curve
|
|
|
|
|
Effect of an increase of 100 basis points |
|
|
181 |
|
|
|
|
|
These results are calculated by stressing a particular assumption independently of
changes in any other assumption. No assurance can be given that the actual levels of
the key inputs will not exceed, perhaps significantly, the ranges assumed by AIG for
purposes of the above analysis. No assumption should be made that results calculated
from the use of other changes in these key inputs can be interpolated or extrapolated
from the results set forth above. |
|
|
|
|
In the case of credit default swaps written on investment grade corporate debt and
CLOs, AIGFP estimates the value of its obligations by reference to the relevant
market indices or third-party quotes on the underlying super senior tranches where
available. |
18
[AIG DRAFT OF AUGUST 8, 2008]
|
|
|
The following table represents the relevant market credit indices and index CDS
maturity used in the valuation of the credit default swap portfolio written on investment-grade corporate debt and the increase (decrease) to
the unrealized market valuation loss at June 30, 2008 corresponding to changes in
these market credit indices and maturity: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Increase (Decrease) To |
(in millions) |
|
Unrealized Market Valuation Loss |
|
CDS maturity (in years) |
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
7 |
|
|
|
10 |
|
CDX Index |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Effect of an increase of 10 basis points |
|
$ |
(23 |
) |
|
$ |
(48 |
) |
|
$ |
(10 |
) |
Effect of a decrease of 10 basis points |
|
|
23 |
|
|
|
49 |
|
|
|
10 |
|
iTraxx Index |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Effect of an increase of 10 basis points |
|
|
(11 |
) |
|
|
(37 |
) |
|
|
(8 |
) |
Effect of a decrease of 10 basis points |
|
|
11 |
|
|
|
37 |
|
|
|
8 |
|
|
|
|
|
These results are calculated by stressing a particular assumption independently of
changes in any other assumption. No assurance can be given that the actual levels of
the indices and maturity will not exceed, perhaps significantly, the ranges assumed
by AIG for purposes of the above analysis. No assumption should be made that results
calculated from the use of other changes in these indices and maturity can be
interpolated or extrapolated from the results set forth above. |
Contractual Obligations, page 86
6. Please refer to prior comment one. Please revise your disclosure in footnote (f) to include
the related amounts of credit default swap liabilities that are recorded in the financial
statements, along with the potential credit impairment pre-tax losses that you expect to
realize.
AIG Response:
AIG
revised its disclosure in footnote (f) in the Second Quarter 2008 Form 10-Q as follows (page 102):
(f) |
|
The majority of AIGFPs credit default swaps require AIGFP to provide credit
protection on a designated portfolio of loans or debt securities. At June 30, 2008, AIG
had recorded $26.1 billion of cumulative unrealized market valuation losses in its
financial statements relating to AIGFPs super senior credit default swap portfolio, net
of amounts realized in extinguishing derivative obligations. However, AIGs credit-based
stress testing scenarios illustrate potential pre-tax realized credit losses from these
contracts at approximately $5.0 billion and approximately $8.5 billion at that date. Due
to the long-term maturities of these credit default swaps, AIG is unable to make
reasonable estimates of the periods during which any payments would be made. |
Very truly yours,
Kathleen E. Shannon
Senior Vice President, Secretary & Deputy General Counsel
cc: Frank Wyman, Staff Accountant
Carl Tartar, Accounting Branch Chief
(Securities and Exchange Commission)
19