CORRESP
September 16, 2008
Mr. Jim B. Rosenberg
Senior Assistant Chief Accountant
United States
Securities and Exchange Commission
Division of Corporation Finance
100 F Street, NE
Mail Stop 6010
Washington, D. C. 20549
|
|
|
Re: |
|
American International Group, Inc.
Form 10-K for the Year Ended December 31, 2007
Form 10-Q for the Quarter Ended June 30, 2008
File No. 1-8787 |
Dear Mr. Rosenberg:
In response to our discussion with various members of the Staff of the Commission on Friday,
September 12, 2008 regarding American International Group, Inc.s (AIG) captioned filings, this
letter presents a unified discussion of our super senior credit default swap portfolio as
we intend to present it in our Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2008, and provides
certain supplemental information requested by the Staff.
AIG acknowledges that the adequacy and accuracy of the disclosure in AIGs filings is the
responsibility of AIG, that Staff comments or changes to disclosure in response to Staff comments
do not foreclose the Commission from taking any action with respect to the filings and that Staff
comments may not be asserted by AIG as a defense in any proceeding initiated by the Commission or
any person under the Federal securities laws of the United States.
AIGFPs Super Senior Credit Default Swap Portfolio
AIGFP wrote credit protection on the super senior risk layer of diversified portfolios of corporate
debt, prime residential mortgages, CLOs and multi-sector CDOs. In these transactions, AIGFP is at
risk on the super senior risk layer related to a diversified portfolio referenced to loans or debt
securities. That is, AIGFP is obligated to perform under the credit protection written only after
various layers of subordinated interests in the diversified portfolios have been exhausted by
losses on the underlying loans or securities. To a lesser extent, AIGFP also wrote protection on
tranches below the super senior risk layer, primarily in respect of regulatory capital
transactions.
At September 30, 2008, the notional amount, fair value and unrealized market valuation loss of the
AIGFP super senior credit default swap portfolio, including certain regulatory capital relief
transactions, by asset class were as follows:
1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Unrealized Market |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Valuation Loss |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(Gain) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three |
|
Nine |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fair Value |
|
Months |
|
Months |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loss at |
|
Ended |
|
Ended |
|
|
Notional |
|
September 30, |
|
September 30, |
|
September 30, |
(in millions) |
|
Amount |
|
2008 |
|
2008(a) |
|
2008(a) |
|
Regulatory Capital:(b) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Corporate loans |
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
Prime residential mortgages |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other(c)(d) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Arbitrage: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Multi-sector CDOs, including 2a-7 Puts(e) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Corporate debt/CLOs |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mezzanine tranches(f) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
|
(g) |
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(a) |
|
Includes credit valuation adjustment gains of $XX million and $XXX million, respectively, for
the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2008. |
|
(b) |
|
Represents predominantly transactions written to facilitate regulatory capital relief. |
|
(c) |
|
Represents transactions where AIGFP believes the counterparties are no longer using the
transactions to obtain regulatory capital relief. |
|
(d) |
|
During the second quarter of 2008, a European RMBS regulatory capital relief transaction with
a notional amount of $1.6 billion was not terminated as expected when it no longer provided
regulatory capital relief to the counterparty. |
|
(e) |
|
Approximately $XX.X billion in net notional amount includes some exposure to U.S. sub-prime
mortgages and approximately $X.X billion in net notional amount includes CDOs of CMBS. |
|
(f) |
|
Represents credit default swaps written by AIGFP on tranches below super senior on certain
regulatory capital relief trades. |
|
(g) |
|
Fair value amounts are shown before the effects of counterparty netting adjustments. |
General Contractual Terms
AIGFP enters into credit derivative transactions in the ordinary course of its business. The
majority of AIGFPs credit derivatives require AIGFP to provide credit protection on a designated
portfolio of loans or debt securities. Generally, AIGFP provides such credit protection on a
second loss basis, under which AIGFPs payment obligations arise only after credit losses in the
designated portfolio exceed a specified threshold amount or level of first losses.
2
Typically, the credit risk associated with a designated portfolio of loans or securities is
tranched into different layers of risk, which are then analyzed and rated by the credit rating
agencies. At origination, there is usually an equity layer covering the first credit losses in
respect of the portfolio up to a specified percentage of the total portfolio, and then successive
layers ranging from generally a BBB-rated layer to one or more AAA-rated layers. In transactions
that are rated by rating agencies, a significant majority of the risk layers or tranches that are
immediately junior to the threshold level above which AIGFPs payment obligation would generally
arise were rated AAA at origination. In transactions that are not rated, AIGFP applies equivalent
risk criteria for setting the threshold level for its payment obligations. Therefore, the risk
layer assumed by AIGFP with respect to the designated portfolio of loans or securities in these
transactions is often called the super senior risk layer, defined as the layer of credit risk
senior to a risk layer that has been rated AAA by the credit rating agencies, or if the transaction
is not rated, equivalent thereto.
Regulatory Capital Portfolio
Approximately $XXX billion (consisting of corporate loans and prime residential mortgages) of the
$XXX billion in notional exposure of AIGFPs super senior credit default swap portfolio as of
September 30, 2008 represented derivatives written for financial institutions, principally in
Europe, for the purpose of providing regulatory capital relief rather than risk mitigation. In
exchange for a minimum guaranteed fee, the counterparties receive credit protection with respect to
diversified loan portfolios they own, thus improving their regulatory capital position. These
transactions generally provide for cash settlement; however, AIGFP does not expect to be required
to make payments under these contracts during their estimated life. Under the typical settlement
provisions in these transactions, cash payments from AIGFP would be due following the occurrence of
certain defined credit events if the resulting aggregate losses (deemed or realized) on the
protected portfolio exceed the threshold level at which AIGFPs payment obligations commence. In
these circumstances, once aggregate losses on loans exceed the relevant threshold, AIGFP would
usually be required to pay the par value of further affected loans less any amounts recovered, or
deemed recovered, by the lender upon a work-out of those loans in accordance with the lenders
credit and collection policies. In some cases, the amounts that AIGFP would be required to pay will
be calculated as the difference between the par value of the relevant loan and the market value of
the loan determined by reference to market quotations. These derivatives are generally expected to
terminate at no additional cost to the counterparty when the transactions no longer provide a
regulatory capital benefit. AIG expects that the majority of these transactions will be terminated
within the next [6 to 18] months by AIGFPs counterparties. As of [October 20], 2008, $XX.X billion
in notional exposures have either been terminated or are in the process of being terminated. AIGFP
was not required to make any payments as part of these terminations and in certain cases was paid a
fee upon termination.
Arbitrage Portfolio
Approximately $XX billion of the $XXX billion in notional exposure on AIGFPs super senior credit
default swaps as of September 30, 2008 are arbitrage-motivated transactions
3
written on multi-sector CDOs or designated pools of investment grade corporate debt or CLOs.
While certain credit default swaps written on corporate debt are cash settled, the majority of the credit
default swaps written on multi-sector CDOs and CLOs require physical settlement. In these cases,
AIGFP would be required to purchase the referenced super senior security at par upon the occurrence
of a credit event related to that security. Thus, for physically settled contracts, the economic
loss at the time of settlement is determined by the difference between the par value of the
referenced security and the fair value of such security. For those credit default swaps written on
multi-sector CDOs and CLOs and on corporate debt that are cash settled, cash payments from AIGFP
would be due following the occurrence of certain defined credit events if the resulting aggregate
losses (deemed or realized) on the protected portfolio exceed the threshold level at which AIGFPs
payment obligations commence. In these circumstances, once aggregate losses on the referenced
portfolio exceed the relevant threshold, AIGFP would usually be required to pay either any additional losses
(deemed or realized) on the protected portfolio
less any amounts recovered, or deemed recovered, with respect to that portfolio or the
difference between the par value of any further affected referenced securities and the market value of those securities
determined by reference to market quotations.
Certain of the AIGFP credit default swaps with an aggregate notional amount totaling $X.X billion
protect CDOs that include over-collateralization provisions which adjust the value of the
collateral based, in part, on the ratings of the collateral underlying the CDOs. If the
over-collateralization provisions are not satisfied, an event of default would occur triggering a
right by a specified controlling class of note holders to accelerate the payment of principal and
interest on the referenced security. In certain of these circumstances, AIGFP may be required to
purchase the referenced super senior security at par upon the acceleration of the security. As of
[October 20], 2008, [six] CDOs for which AIGFP had written credit protection on the super senior
CDO securities had experienced events of default. [One] of these CDOs has been accelerated and
AIGFP extinguished a portion of its swap obligations by purchasing the protected CDO security for
$XXX million, which equaled the principal amount outstanding related to this obligation. AIGFPs
remaining notional exposure with respect to these CDOs was $X.X billion at [October 20], 2008.
AIGFP cannot currently determine if and when it may be required to perform its obligations in the
future under the foregoing provisions, including the timing of any additional purchases that might
be required. Therefore, there can be no assurance that the extinguishment of these obligations by
AIGFP will not have a material effect on AIGs liquidity.
Included in the multi-sector CDO portfolio are maturity-shortening puts that allow the holders of
the securities issued by certain CDOs to treat the securities as short-term eligible 2a-7
investments under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (2a-7 Puts). The general terms of these
transactions differ from those referenced above. Holders of securities are required, in certain
circumstances, to tender their securities to the issuers at
4
par. If an issuers remarketing agent is unable to resell the securities so tendered, AIGFP must
purchase the securities at par as long as the security has not experienced a payment default or
certain bankruptcy events have not occurred. During the nine-month period ended September 30, 2008,
AIGFP repurchased securities with a principal amount of approximately $XXX million in connection
with these obligations. In certain transactions, AIGFP has contracted with third parties to provide
liquidity for the securities if they are put to AIGFP for up to a three-year period. Such unused
liquidity facilities totaled $X.X billion at [September 30, 2008], compared to the notional
exposure of $XX.X billion on the 2a-7 Puts at that date.
Collateral
Certain of AIGFPs credit default swaps are subject to collateral posting provisions. These
provisions differ among counterparties and asset classes. In the case of most of the multi-sector
CDO transactions, the amount of collateral required is determined based on the change in value of
the underlying security that represents the super senior risk layer subject to credit protection,
and not on the change in value of the super senior credit derivative.
AIGFP has received collateral calls from counterparties in respect of certain super senior credit
default swaps (including those entered into by counterparties for regulatory capital relief
purposes and those in respect of corporate debt/CLOs). Frequently, valuation estimates made by
counterparties with respect to certain super senior credit default swaps or the underlying
reference CDO securities, for purposes of determining the amount of collateral required to be
posted by AIGFP in connection with such instruments, have differed, at times significantly, from
AIGFPs estimates. In almost all cases, AIGFP has been able to successfully resolve the differences
or otherwise reach an accommodation with respect to collateral posting levels, including in certain
cases by entering into compromise collateral arrangements, some of which are for specified periods
of time. Due to the ongoing nature of these collateral calls, AIGFP may engage in discussions with
one or more counterparties in respect of these differences at any time. As of September 30, 2008,
AIGFP had posted collateral (or had received collateral, where offsetting exposures on other
transactions resulted in the counterparty posting to AIGFP) based on exposures, calculated in
respect of super senior credit default swaps, in an aggregate net amount of $XX.X billion.
Valuation estimates made by counterparties for collateral purposes were considered in the
determination of the fair value estimates of AIGFPs super senior credit default swap portfolio.
Models and Modeling
AIGFP values its credit default swaps written on the super senior risk layers of designated pools
of debt securities or loans using internal valuation models, third-party prices and market indices.
The specific valuation methodologies vary based on the nature of the referenced obligations and
availability of market prices.
5
The valuation of the super senior credit derivatives continues to be challenging given the
limitation on the availability of market observable information due to the lack of trading and
price transparency in the structured finance market, particularly during and since the fourth
quarter of 2007. These market conditions have increased the reliance on management estimates and
judgments in arriving at an estimate of fair value for financial reporting purposes. Further,
disparities in the valuation methodologies employed by market participants and the varying
judgments reached by such participants when assessing volatile markets have increased the
likelihood that the various parties to these instruments may arrive at significantly different
estimates as to their fair values.
AIGFPs valuation methodologies for the super senior credit default swap portfolio have evolved in
response to the deteriorating market conditions and the lack of sufficient market observable
information. AIG has sought to calibrate the model to market information and to review the
assumptions of the model on a regular basis.
Arbitrage Portfolio Multi-Sector CDOs
The underlying assumption of the valuation methodology for credit default swaps in AIGFPs
multi-sector CDO portfolio is that, in order to be willing to assume the obligations under a credit
default swap, a market participant would require payment of the full difference between the cash
price of the underlying tranches of the referenced securities portfolio and the notional amount
specified in the credit default swap.
AIGFP uses a modified version of the Binomial Expansion Technique (BET) model to value its credit
default swap portfolio written on super senior tranches of CDOs of asset-backed securities (ABS),
including the 2a-7 Puts. The BET model was developed by a major rating agency to generate expected
loss estimates for CDO tranches and derive a credit rating for those tranches, and has been widely
used ever since.
AIG selected the BET model for the following reasons:
|
|
|
it is known and utilized by other institutions; |
|
|
|
|
it has been studied extensively, documented and enhanced over many years; |
|
|
|
|
it is transparent and relatively simple to apply; |
|
|
|
|
the parameters required to run the BET model are generally observable; and |
|
|
|
|
it can easily be modified to use probabilities of default and expected losses derived
from the underlying collateral securities market prices instead of using rating-based
historical probabilities of default. |
The BET model has certain limitations. A well known limitation of the BET model is that it can
understate the expected losses for super senior tranches when default correlations are high. The
model uses correlations implied from diversity scores which do not capture the tendency for
correlations to increase as defaults increase. Recognizing this concern, AIG tested the sensitivity
of the valuations to the diversity scores. The results of the testing demonstrated that the
valuations are not very sensitive to the diversity scores because the expected losses generated
from the prices of the collateral pool securities are currently high, breaching the attachment
point in most transactions. Once the attachment
6
point is breached by a sufficient amount, the diversity scores, and their implied correlations, are
no longer a significant driver of the valuation of a super senior tranche.
AIGFP has adapted the BET model to estimate the price of the super senior risk layer or tranche of
the CDO. To generate the estimate, the model uses the prices for the securities comprising the
portfolio of a CDO as an input and converts those prices to credit spreads over current LIBOR-based
interest rates. These credit spreads are used to determine implied probabilities of default and
expected losses on the underlying securities. This data is then aggregated and used to estimate the
expected cash flows of the super senior tranche of the CDO.
The application of the modified BET model involves the following steps for each individual super
senior tranche of the CDO in the portfolio:
1) |
|
Calculation of the cash flow pattern that matches the weighted average life for each
underlying security of the CDO; |
|
2) |
|
Calculation of an implied credit spread for each security from the price and cash flow
pattern determined in step 1, and then conversion of that spread into its implied probability
of default using market standard credit analyses; |
|
3) |
|
Generation of expected losses for each underlying security using the probability of default
and recovery rate; |
|
4) |
|
Aggregation of the cash flows for all securities to create a cash flow profile of the entire
collateral pool within the CDO; |
|
5) |
|
Division of the collateral pool into a number of hypothetical independent identical
securities (idealized securities) based on the CDOs diversity score so that the cash flow
effects of the portfolio can be mathematically aggregated properly; |
|
6) |
|
Simulation of the default behavior of the idealized securities using a Monte Carlo simulation
and aggregation of the results to derive the effect of the expected losses on the cash flow
pattern of the super senior tranche taking into account the cash flow diversion mechanism of
the CDO; |
|
7) |
|
Discounting of the expected cash flows determined in step 6 using LIBOR-based interest rates
to estimate the value of the super senior tranche of the CDO; and |
|
8) |
|
Adjusting of the model value for the super senior multi-sector CDO credit default swap for
the effect of the risk of non-performance by AIG using the credit spreads of AIG available in
the marketplace. |
AIGFP employs a Monte Carlo simulation in step 6 above to assist in quantifying the effect on the
valuation of the CDOs of the unique aspects of the CDOs structure such as triggers that divert
cash flows to the most senior part of the capital structure. The Monte Carlo simulation is used to
determine whether an underlying security defaults in a given simulation scenario and, if it does,
the securitys implied random default time and expected loss. This information is used to project
cash flow streams and to determine the portfolio expected losses.
In addition to calculating an estimate of the fair value of the super senior tranche referenced in
the credit default swaps using its internal model, AIGFP also considers collateral calls and the
price estimates for the super senior CDO securities provided by
7
third parties, including counterparties to these transactions to validate the results of the model
and to determine the best available estimate of fair value.
The following table presents the notional amount and fair value of the multi-sector super senior
credit default swap portfolio using AIGFPs fair value methodology at September 30, 2008.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fair Value |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loss at |
|
|
Notional |
|
September 30, |
(in millions) |
|
Amount |
|
2008 |
|
BET model |
|
$XX |
|
$XX |
Third party price |
|
XX |
|
XX |
Average of BET model and third party price |
|
XX |
|
XX |
Other |
|
XX |
|
XX |
|
Total |
|
$XX |
|
$XX |
|
The unrealized market valuation losses of $XX.X billion recorded on AIGFPs super senior
multi-sector CDO credit default swap portfolio represent the cumulative change in fair value of
these derivatives, which represents AIGs best estimate of the amount it would need to pay to a
willing, able and knowledgeable third party to assume the obligations under AIGFPs super senior
multi-sector credit default swap portfolio as of September 30, 2008.
Arbitrage Portfolio Corporate Debt/CLOs
The valuation of credit default swaps written on portfolios of investment-grade corporate debt and
collateralized loan obligations (CLOs) is less complex than the valuation of super senior
multi-sector CDO credit default swaps and the valuation inputs are more transparent and readily
available.
In the case of credit default swaps written on portfolios of investment-grade corporate debt, AIGFP
estimates the fair value of its obligations by comparing the contractual premium of each contract
to the current market levels of the senior tranches of comparable credit indices, the iTraxx index
for European corporate issuances and the CDX index for U.S. corporate issuances. These indices are
considered to be reasonable proxies for the referenced portfolios.
AIGFP estimates the fair value of its obligations resulting from credit default swaps written on
CLOs to be equivalent to the par value less the current market value of the referenced obligation.
Accordingly, the value is determined by obtaining third-party quotes on the underlying super senior
tranches referenced under the credit default swap contract.
No assurance can be given that the fair value of AIGFPs arbitrage credit default swap portfolio
would not change materially if other market indices or pricing sources were used to estimate the
fair value of the portfolio.
Regulatory Capital Portfolio
8
In the case of credit default swaps written to facilitate regulatory capital relief, AIGFP
estimates the fair value of these derivatives by considering observable market transactions.
Principally this includes the early termination of these transactions by counterparties, and other
market data, to the extent relevant. In light of early termination experience to date and after
other analyses, AIG determined that there was no unrealized market valuation adjustment for this
regulatory capital relief portfolio for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2008 other than
for transactions where AIGFP believes the counterparties are no longer using the transactions to
obtain regulatory capital relief. AIG will continue to assess the valuation of this portfolio and
monitor developments in the marketplace. Given the significant deterioration in the credit markets
and the risk that AIGFPs expectations with respect to the termination of these transactions by its
counterparties may not materialize, there can be no assurance that AIG will not recognize
unrealized market valuation losses from this portfolio in future periods, and recognition of even a
small percentage decline in the fair value of this portfolio could be material to an individual
reporting period.
During the second quarter of 2008, a regulatory capital relief transaction with a notional amount
of $1.6 billion and a fair value loss of $125 million was not terminated as expected when it no
longer provided regulatory capital benefit to the counterparty. This transaction provided
protection on an RMBS unlike the other regulatory transactions, which provide protection on loan
portfolios held by the counterparties. The documentation for this transaction contains provisions
not included in AIGFPs other regulatory capital relief transactions, which enable the counterparty
to arbitrage a specific credit exposure.
Key Assumptions Used in the BET model Multi-Sector CDOs
The most significant assumption used in the BET model is the pricing of the individual securities
within the CDO collateral pools. The following table summarizes the weighted average price at June
30, 2008 and September 30, 2008, and the percentage of the total CDO collateral pools at September
30, 2008, by ABS category.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Percentage of |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted |
|
|
Total CDO |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Average Price |
|
|
Collateral Pools |
|
|
|
Weighted Average |
|
|
September 30, |
|
|
September 30, |
|
ABS Category |
|
Price June 30, 2008 |
|
|
2008 |
|
|
2008 |
|
Inner CDOs |
|
XX% |
|
XX% |
|
XX% |
CMBS |
|
XX% |
|
XX% |
|
XX% |
Prime |
|
XX% |
|
XX% |
|
XX% |
Alt-A |
|
XX% |
|
XX% |
|
XX% |
Subprime |
|
XX% |
|
XX% |
|
XX% |
Other |
|
XX% |
|
XX% |
|
XX% |
Total |
|
XX% |
|
XX% |
|
100.00% |
9
Prices for the individual securities held by a CDO are obtained in most cases from the CDO
collateral managers, to the extent available. For the quarter ended September 30, 2008, CDO
collateral managers provided market prices for approximately XX percent of the underlying
securities. When a price for an individual security is not provided by a CDO collateral manager,
AIGFP derives the price through a pricing matrix using prices from CDO collateral managers for
similar securities. Substantially all of the CDO collateral managers who provided prices used
dealer prices for all or part of the underlying securities, in some cases supplemented by third
party pricing services.
The BET model also uses diversity scores, weighted average lives, recovery rates and discount
rates. The determination of some of these inputs requires the use of judgment and estimates,
particularly in the absence of market observable data. Diversity scores (which reflect default
correlations between the underlying securities of a CDO) are obtained from CDO trustees or implied
from default correlations. Weighted average lives of the underlying securities are obtained, when
available, from external subscription services such as Bloomberg and Intex and if not available,
AIGFP utilizes an estimate reflecting known weighted average lives. Collateral recovery rates are
obtained from the multi-sector CDO recovery data of a major rating agency. AIGFP utilizes a
LIBOR-based interest rate curve to derive its discount rates.
Valuation Sensitivity Arbitrage Portfolio
Multi-Sector CDOs
Set forth in the paragraphs below are sensitivity analyses that estimate the effects of using
alternative pricing and other key inputs on AIGs calculation of the unrealized market valuation
loss related to the AIGFP super senior credit default swap portfolio. While AIG believes that the
ranges used in these analyses are reasonable, given the current difficult market conditions, AIG is
unable to predict which of the scenarios is most likely to occur. Actual results in any period are
likely to vary, perhaps materially, from the modeled scenarios, and there can be no assurance that
the unrealized market valuation loss related to the AIGFP super senior credit default swap
portfolio will be consistent with any of the sensitivity analyses.
As mentioned above, the most significant assumption used in developing the estimate is the pricing
of the securities within the CDO collateral pools. These prices are used to derive default
probabilities and expected losses that are used in the BET model. If the actual pricing of the
securities within the collateral pools differs from the pricing used in estimating the fair value
of the super senior credit default swap portfolio, there is potential for material variation in the
fair value estimate. A decrease by five points (for example, from 87 cents per dollar to 82 cents
per dollar) in the aggregate price of the underlying collateral securities would cause an
additional unrealized market valuation loss of approximately $X.X billion, while an increase in the
aggregate price of the underlying collateral securities by five points (for example, from 90 cents
per dollar to 95 cents per dollar) would reduce the unrealized market valuation loss by
approximately $X.X billion. Any further declines in the value of the underlying collateral
securities held by a CDO will similarly affect the value of the super senior CDO securities given their
10
significantly depressed valuations. Given the current difficult market conditions, AIG cannot
predict reasonably likely changes in the prices of the underlying collateral securities held within
a CDO at this time.
The following table presents other key inputs used in the valuation of the credit default swap
portfolio written on the super senior securities issued by multi-sector CDOs, and the potential
increase (decrease) to the unrealized market valuation loss at September 30, 2008 calculated using
the BET model for changes in these key inputs:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Increase |
|
|
(Decrease) To |
|
|
Unrealized Market |
(in millions) |
|
Valuation Loss |
|
Weighted average lives |
|
|
|
|
Effect of an increase of 1 year |
|
$ |
|
|
Effect of a decrease of 1 year |
|
|
|
|
Recovery rates |
|
|
|
|
Effect of an increase of 10% |
|
|
|
|
Effect of a decrease of 10% |
|
|
|
|
Diversity scores |
|
|
|
|
Effect of an increase of 5 |
|
|
|
|
Effect of a decrease of 5 |
|
|
|
|
Discount curve |
|
|
|
|
Effect of an increase of 100 basis points |
|
|
|
|
|
These results are calculated by stressing a particular assumption independently of changes in any
other assumption. No assurance can be given that the actual levels of the key inputs will not
exceed, perhaps significantly, the ranges assumed by AIG for purposes of the above analysis. No
assumption should be made that results calculated from the use of other changes in these key inputs
can be interpolated or extrapolated from the results set forth above.
11
Corporate Debt
The following table represents the relevant market credit indices and index CDS maturity used in
the valuation of the credit default swap portfolio written on investment-grade corporate debt and
the increase (decrease) to the unrealized market valuation loss at September 30, 2008 corresponding
to changes in these market credit indices and maturity:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Increase |
|
|
(Decrease) To |
|
|
Unrealized Market |
(in millions) |
|
Valuation Loss |
|
CDS maturity (in years) |
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
7 |
|
|
|
10 |
|
CDX Index |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Effect of an increase of 10 basis points |
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
Effect of a decrease of 10 basis points |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
iTraxx Index |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Effect of an increase of 10 basis points |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Effect of a decrease of 10 basis points |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
These results are calculated by stressing a particular assumption independently of changes in any
other assumption. No assurance can be given that the actual levels of the indices and maturity will
not exceed, perhaps significantly, the ranges assumed by AIGFP for purposes of the above analysis.
No assumption should be made that results calculated from the use of other changes in these indices
and maturity can be interpolated or extrapolated from the results set forth above.
Stress Testing of Potential Realized Credit Losses Multi-Sector CDOs
In addition to performing sensitivity analyses around the valuation of the AIGFP super senior
credit default swap portfolio, AIG [previously] performed a roll rate analysis to stress the AIGFP
super senior multi-sector CDO credit default swap portfolio for potential pre-tax realized credit
losses. Credit losses represent the shortfall of principal and/or interest cash flows on the
referenced super senior risk layers underlying the portfolio. The analysis assumes that the
multi-sector CDO super senior credit default swap portfolio and the referenced obligations acquired
by AIGFP in extinguishing its obligations under the swaps are held to maturity.
Two scenarios illustrated in this process resulted in potential pre-tax realized credit losses of
approximately $X.X billion (Scenario A) and approximately $X.X billion (Scenario B). The
significant assumptions for subprime mortgages used in Scenario A are provided below. Scenario B
illustrates the effect of a 20 percent increase (but not in excess of 100 percent) in all Scenario
A roll rate default frequency assumptions and in all Scenario A loss severity assumptions across
all mortgage collateral (for example, 60 percent increased to 72 percent). Actual ultimate realized
credit losses are likely to vary, perhaps materially, from these scenarios, and there can be no
assurance that the ultimate realized credit losses related to the AIGFP super senior multi-sector
CDO credit default swap
12
portfolio will be consistent with either scenario or that such realized credit losses will not
exceed the potential realized credit losses illustrated by Scenario B.
In prior quarters, AIG conducted risk analyses of the AIGFP super senior multi-sector CDO credit
default swap portfolio using certain ratings-based static stress tests, which centered around
scenarios of further stress on the portfolio resulting from downgrades by the rating agencies from
current levels on the underlying collateral in the CDO structures supported by AIGFPs credit
default swaps. During the first quarter of 2008, AIG developed an additional methodology to conduct
stress tests for potential realized credit losses from AIGFPs super senior multi-sector CDO credit
default swap portfolio that combined a roll rate estimate of the losses emanating from the subprime
and Alt-A RMBS collateral securities in the multi-sector CDOs, plus an estimate of losses arising
from CDO securities (inner CDOs) and other ABS, such as CMBS, credit card and auto loan ABS, held
by the CDOs. In conducting its risk analyses as of June 30, 2008, AIG discontinued use of the
rating-based static stress test and used only the roll rate stress test because it believes that
the roll rate stress test is a more reasonable methodology to illustrate potential realized credit
losses than the rating-based static stress test used previously.
In the second quarter of 2008, AIG stressed the AIGFP super senior multi-sector CDO credit default
swap portfolio using the roll rate analysis enhanced to apply to all RMBS collateral including
subprime, Alt-A and prime residential mortgages that comprise the subprime, Alt-A and prime RMBS.
This analysis assumed that certain percentages of actual delinquent mortgages will roll into
default and foreclosure. It also assumed that certain percentages of non-delinquent mortgages will
become delinquent and default over time, with those delinquency percentages depending on the age of
the mortgage pool. To those assumed defaults AIG applied loss severities (one minus recovery) to
derive estimated ultimate losses for each mortgage pool comprising a subprime, Alt-A and prime
RMBS. Because subprime, Alt-A and prime RMBS have differing characteristics, the roll rates and
loss severities differed. AIG then estimated tranche losses from these roll rate losses by applying
the pool losses up through the capital structure of the RMBS. In this estimate of tranche losses,
AIG introduced in the second quarter 2008 an enhancement to the roll rate analysis to take into
account the cash flow waterfall and to capture the potential effects, both positive and negative,
of cash flow diversion within each CDO. To these estimated subprime, Alt-A and prime RMBS losses
AIG added estimated credit losses on the inner CDOs and other ABS, such as CMBS, credit card and
auto loan ABS, calculated by using rating-based static percentages, in the case of inner CDOs
varying by vintage and type of CDO, and, in the case of other ABS, by rating. In addition to the
foregoing, the analysis incorporates the effects of certain other factors such as mortgage
prepayment rates, excess spread and delinquency triggers.
Sub-prime RMBS comprise the majority of collateral securities within the multi-sector CDOs. Given
adverse real estate market conditions, sub-prime mortgage losses comprise the largest percentage of
AIGs pre-tax credit impairment losses in scenarios A and B.
13
The roll rate analysis, as mentioned above, consists of projecting credit losses by projecting
mortgage defaults and applying loss severities to these defaults. Mortgage defaults are estimated
by applying roll rate frequencies to each segment of existing delinquent mortgages and by using
loss timing curves to forecast future defaults from currently performing mortgages.
The roll rate default frequency assumptions for sub-prime mortgages by vintage used in the scenario
A roll rate analysis are as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pre- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Segment |
|
2005 |
|
2005 |
|
2006 |
|
2007 |
30+ days delinquent |
|
|
60 |
% |
|
|
70 |
% |
|
|
80 |
% |
|
|
80 |
% |
60+ days delinquent |
|
|
70 |
% |
|
|
80 |
% |
|
|
80 |
% |
|
|
80 |
% |
90+ days delinquent + borrower
bankruptcies |
|
|
70 |
% |
|
|
80 |
% |
|
|
90 |
% |
|
|
90 |
% |
Foreclosed/REO mortgages |
|
|
100 |
% |
|
|
100 |
% |
|
|
100 |
% |
|
|
100 |
% |
The sub-prime mortgage loss severity assumptions by vintage used in the scenario A roll rate
analysis are as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pre 2H 2004 |
|
2H 2004 |
|
1H 2005 |
|
2H 2005 |
|
2006/2007 |
50% |
|
50% |
|
50% |
|
55% |
|
60% |
At March 31, 2008, AIGs credit-based analyses estimated potential pre-tax realized credit losses
at approximately $1.2 billion to $2.4 billion. The estimate of $2.4 billion was derived using the
roll rate stress test described above. The increase in the estimated potential realized credit loss
illustrated by Scenarios A and B was the result of both enhancements to the model and changes in
the assumptions used. The model was enhanced by inclusion of prime RMBS into the portfolio of
securities subjected to the roll rate analysis, which increased the estimate by approximately $200
million, and the introduction of analytics to capture the potential effects of the cash flow
waterfall, which increased the estimate by approximately $1.0 billion. Changes in assumptions
included revisions to the roll rate percentages and loss severities on subprime and Alt-A mortgages
in view of deteriorating real estate market conditions, as well as a higher stress to other ABS
collateral and the use of current inner CDO ratings in the rating-based static percentage, which in
aggregate increased the estimate by approximately $1.4 billion. The potential realized credit loss
illustrated by Scenario B is the result of applying different, more highly stressed assumptions to
the roll rate analysis model than those used in Scenario A.
Due to the dislocation in the market for CDO and RMBS collateral, AIG does not use the market
values of the underlying CDO collateral in estimating its potential realized credit losses. The use
of factors derived from market-observable prices in models used to determine the estimates for
future realized credit losses could result in materially higher estimates of potential realized
credit losses.
Under the terms of most of these credit derivatives, credit losses to AIG would generally result
from the credit impairment of the referenced obligations that AIG would acquire in
14
extinguishing its swap obligations. Based upon its most current analyses, AIG believes that any
credit losses which may emerge over time at AIGFP will not be material to AIGs consolidated
financial condition, but could be material to AIGs liquidity. Other types of analyses or models
could result in materially different estimates. AIG is aware that other market participants have
used different assumptions and methodologies to estimate the potential realized credit losses on
AIGFPs super senior multi-sector CDO credit default swap portfolio, resulting in significantly
higher estimates than those resulting from AIGs roll rate stress testing scenarios. Actual
ultimate realized credit losses are likely to vary, perhaps materially, from AIGs roll rate stress
testing scenarios, and there can be no assurance that the ultimate realized credit losses related
to the AIGFP super senior multi-sector CDO credit default swap portfolio will be consistent with
either scenario or that such realized credit losses will not exceed the potential realized credit
losses illustrated by Scenario B.
The potential realized credit losses illustrated in Scenarios A and B are lower than the fair value
of AIGFPs super senior multi-sector CDO credit default swap portfolio, a net loss of $XX.X billion
at September 30, 2008. The fair value of AIGFPs super senior multi-sector CDO credit default swap
portfolio is based upon fair value accounting principles, which rely on third-party prices for both
the underlying collateral securities and the CDOs that AIGFPs super senior credit default swaps
wrap. These prices currently incorporate liquidity premiums, risk aversion elements and credit risk
modeling, which in some instances may use more conservative assumptions than those used by AIG in
its roll rate stress testing. Due to the ongoing disruption in the U.S. residential mortgage market
and credit markets and the downgrades of RMBS and CDOs by the rating agencies, the market continues
to lack transparency around the pricing of these securities. These prices are not necessarily
reflective of the ultimate potential realized credit losses AIGFP could incur in the future related
to the AIGFP super senior multi-sector CDO credit default swap portfolio, and AIG believes they
incorporate a significant amount of market-driven risk aversion.
Supplemental Information
During our conversation on Friday, September 12, 2008, you asked us to provide disclosure regarding
the notional amount and fair value of the multi-sector super senior credit default swap portfolio
using AIGFPs fair value methodology at June 30, 2008. The following table presents that
information.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fair |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Value |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loss at |
|
|
Notional |
|
June 30, |
(in millions) |
|
Amount |
|
2008 |
|
BET model |
|
$ |
25,645 |
|
|
$ |
8,068 |
|
Third party price |
|
|
13,003 |
|
|
|
4,493 |
|
Average of BET model and third party price |
|
|
35,305 |
|
|
|
9,757 |
|
Other |
|
|
6,348 |
|
|
|
2,466 |
|
|
Total |
|
$ |
80,301 |
|
|
$ |
24,785 |
|
|
15
Very truly yours,
/s/ Kathleen E. Shannon
Kathleen E. Shannon
Senior Vice President, Secretary & Deputy General Counsel
|
|
|
cc: |
|
Jeffrey P. Riedler, Assistant Director
Frank Wyman, Staff Accountant
Carl Tartar, Accounting Branch Chief
(Securities and Exchange Commission) |
16